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Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) include severe pain, decreased blood flow, decreased movement, numbness, and a pale limb. [5] It is most often due to physical trauma, like a bone fracture (up to 75% of cases) or a crush injury. [3] [7] It can also occur after blood flow returns following a period of poor circulation. [4]
External bleeding is generally described in terms of the origin of the blood flow by vessel type. The basic categories of external bleeding are: Arterial bleeding: As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is typically bright red to yellowish in colour, due to the high degree of oxygenation.
Prevention of the condition requires restoration of blood flow after injury and reduction of compartmental pressure on the muscles. Any splints, bandages, or other devices that might be obstructing circulation must be removed. [citation needed] A fasciotomy may be required to reduce pressure in the muscle compartment. [3]
Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [1] Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. [1] The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. [2] Often, numbness or pain occurs. [2] As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. [2]
Most hand injuries are minor and can heal without difficulty. However, any time the hand or finger is cut, crushed or the pain is ongoing, it is best to see a physician. Hand injuries when not treated on time can result in long term morbidity. [6] Simple hand injuries do not typically require antibiotics as they do not change the chance of ...
Brain ischemia is insufficient blood flow to the brain, and can be acute or chronic. Acute ischemic stroke is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. [15] Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia. [16]
Capillary refill time is traditionally used as a clinical indicator of tissue vascularity either after limb injury or after revascularization [15] and the most reliable and applicable site for CRT testing is the finger pulp (not at the fingernail), and the cut-off value for the normal CRT should be 3 seconds, not 2 seconds. [2]
Symptoms may include areas of thickened skin, stiffness, feeling tired, and poor blood flow to the fingers or toes with cold exposure. [1] One form of the condition, known as CREST syndrome , classically results in calcium deposits , Raynaud's syndrome , esophageal problems, thickening of the skin of the fingers and toes , and areas of small ...