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  2. All elements test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_elements_test

    Under the rule, a single reference (for anticipation) or the combination of references relied upon, plus the ordinary knowledge of persons skilled in the art (for obviousness), must provide each claimed element. For anticipation, and under certain circumstances for obviousness, the doctrine of inherency may be relied on to meet this test.

  3. Manual of Patent Examining Procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_Patent_Examining...

    The current version of the MPEP is the 9th Edition, which was released in March 2014. The MPEP has traditionally been available in paper form, but electronic versions are now used more often, particularly because an applicant only may consult the electronic versions while taking the USPTO registration examination, or the patent bar examination ...

  4. List of United States patent law cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States...

    Where a claim range overlaps or lies inside a range disclosed by the prior art, a prima facie case of obviousness exists. In re Antonie - Federal Circuit, 1977. A parameter must be recognized as a result-effective variable before a determination of routine experimentation. Parker v. Flook - Supreme Court, 1978. Ruled that a mathematical ...

  5. Patentable subject matter in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patentable_subject_matter...

    The non-obviousness criterion can be easily met, if a claim is based on a discovery of new natural phenomenon/principle/law. In the patentable subject matter analysis, however, this "discovery" is assumed to be prior art, and an "additional inventive concept" must be present in the claim.

  6. Doctrine of equivalents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_equivalents

    Ireland appears to subscribe to a doctrine of equivalents. In Farbwerke Hoechst v Intercontinental Pharmaceuticals (Eire) Ltd (1968), a case involving a patent of a chemical process, the High Court found that the defendant had infringed the plaintiff's patent despite the fact that the defendant had substituted the starting material specified in the patent claim for another material.

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  8. Doctrine of inherency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_inherency

    In United States patent law, the doctrine of inherency holds that, under certain circumstances, prior art may be relied upon not only for what it expressly teaches, but also for what is inherent therein, i.e., what necessarily flows from the express teachings. [1]

  9. Title 35 of the United States Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_35_of_the_United...

    35 U.S.C. § 103 describes the condition of patentability referred to as non-obviousness. This provides that a patentable invention must not have been obvious to a "person having ordinary skill in the art" (PHOSITA) in view of the appropriate prior art. The most important judicial decision in interpreting 35 USC 103 is Graham v. John Deere Co.