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Most toothpastes contains between 0.22% (1,000 ppm) and 0.312% (1,450 ppm) fluoride, usually in the form of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). Frequent use of toothpaste with 1,100 ppm fluoride content enhances the remineralization of enamel and inhibits the demineralization of enamel and root surfaces. [34]
Much of the toothpaste sold in the United States has 1,000 to 1,100 parts per million fluoride. In European countries, such as the UK or Greece, the fluoride content is often higher; a sodium fluoride content of 0.312% w/w (1,450 ppm fluoride) or stannous fluoride
Fluoride-containing toothpaste can be classified into two types, namely low-fluoride and high-fluoride toothpaste. [12] Low-fluoride toothpaste, depending on brand, generally contains 0.22% to 0.31% fluoride. [12] These fluorides are often manufactured in the form of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). [4]
Sodium monofluorophosphate is produced industrially by the reaction of sodium fluoride with sodium metaphosphate: [2] NaPO 3 + NaF → Na 2 PO 3 F. The process involves scission of a pyrophosphate bond, analogous to hydrolysis. SMFP can also be prepared by treating tetrasodium pyrophosphate or disodium phosphate with hydrogen fluoride. [2]
The main active ingredient in Biotène toothpaste is sodium monofluorophosphate. Prior to the GSK acquisition, it also contained enzymes such as glucose oxidase , lactoferrin , lactoperoxidase , and lysozyme .
Fluoride varnish is widely used in the United Kingdom, following guidelines from multiple sources backing its efficacy. Public Health England, a UK government organisation sponsored by the Department of Health, released guidance in 2014 recommending fluoride varnish application at least twice yearly for children and young adults. [13]
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