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A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. . Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves and horns of ver
In human anatomy, the eponychium is the thickened layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails. [1] It can also be called the medial or proximal nail fold. The eponychium differs from the cuticle; the eponychium comprises live skin cells whilst the cuticle is dead skin cells.
Muehrcke's lines were described by American physician Robert C. Muehrcke (1921–2003) in 1956. In a study published in BMJ, he examined patients with known chronic hypoalbuminemia and healthy volunteers, finding that the appearance of multiple transverse white lines was a highly specific marker for low serum albumin (no subject with the sign had SA over 2.2 g/dL), was associated with severity ...
Anatomy of the basic parts of a human nail.A. Nail plate; B. lunula; C. root; D. sinus; E. matrix; F. nail bed; G. eponychium; H. free margin. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
Onychauxis frequently shows up clinically as discoloration, subungual hyperkeratosis, and loss of nail plate translucency. [3] It may cause pain, and over time, distal onycholysis , subungual bleeding, subungual ulceration, or an elevated risk of onychomycosis might aggravate matters.
Nail discolouration may last some months. [4] The nail plate may also become thicker and more brittle as a result of the injury (onychochauxis). The deformed nail plate will gradually grow out and be replaced by a new, normal-appearing one in several months' time. Infrequently, the nail may become painful and require surgical drainage. [5]
The hyponychium (IPA: / ˌ h aɪ p oʊ ˈ n ɪ k i ə m /) [1] [2] is the area of epithelium, particularly the thickened portion, underlying the free edge of the nail plate on the nail. Its proximal border is immediately distal to distal limit of nail bed—a.k.a. the onychodermal band (the line along the interface of the nail bed and the nail ...
In racquet nails (also known as brachyonychia, [1] nail en raquette, [2] and racquet thumb [1]), the nail plate is flattened, the end of the thumb is widened and flattened, and the distal phalanx is abnormally short. [2]: 786 In racquet nails, the width of the nail bed and nail plate is greater than their length.