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Capital controls were an integral part of the Bretton Woods system which emerged after World War II and lasted until the early 1970s. This period was the first time capital controls had been endorsed by mainstream economics. Capital controls were relatively easy to impose, in part because international capital markets were less active in ...
Option (b): An independent monetary policy and free capital flows (but not a stable exchange rate). Option (c): A stable exchange rate and independent monetary policy (but no free capital flows, which would require the use of capital controls). Currently, Eurozone members have chosen the first option (a) after the introduction of the euro.
The Cambridge capital controversy, sometimes called "the capital controversy" [1] or "the two Cambridges debate", [2] was a dispute between proponents of two differing theoretical and mathematical positions in economics that started in the 1950s and lasted well into the 1960s.
Prudential capital controls are typical ways of prudential regulation that takes the form of capital controls and regulates a country's capital account inflows. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk , reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare .
The internal contradictions of capital accumulation is an essential concept of crisis theory, which is associated with Marxist economic theory. While the same phenomenon is described in neoclassical economic theory , in that literature it is referred to as systemic risk .
The term "capital account" is used with a narrower meaning by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and affiliated sources. The IMF splits what the rest of the world calls the capital account into two top-level divisions: financial account and capital account, with by far the bulk of the transactions being recorded in its financial account.
The Great Depression exposed the flaws of the market economy and forced economists to change course in search of new theories and ways out. So after the 1930s the theory of the "visible hand" emerged. [8] Keynesianism advocates replacing the "invisible hand" with the "visible hand" and replacing the "night-keeper" with the identity of the ...
As capital controls are reduced, the modern world has begun to look a lot less like the world modelled by Heckscher and Ohlin. It has been argued that capital mobility undermines the case for free trade itself, see: Capital mobility and comparative advantage Free trade critique. Capital is mobile when: There are limited exchange controls