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The hormonal IUD is an extremely effective method of birth control, and a 2021 study demonstrated that it may be used for emergency contraception. [15] In addition to birth control, the hormonal IUD is used for prevention and treatment of: Heavy menstrual periods [16] Endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain [16] [17] Adenomyosis and dysmenorrhea ...
[8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11] For many, primary dysmenorrhea symptoms gradually subside after their mid-20s.
During the week of placebo pills, withdrawal bleeding occurs and simulates an average 28-day menstrual cycle. The placebo pills are not required for pregnancy protection, and with any monophasic COCP the placebo pills may be discarded, and the next pack of active pills may be started to prevent the withdrawal bleeding. [10]
Hormonal therapies to reduce or stop menstrual bleeding have long been used to manage a number of gynecologic conditions including menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular or other abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual-related mood changes (premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder), and pelvic pain due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be used to treat menstrual cycle disorders including heavy menstrual bleeding, [9] and pelvic pain disorders such as endometriosis [10] and dysmenorrhea. [11] CHCs are also a first line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome for menstrual abnormalities, acne, and hirsutism. [12]
Modern contraceptives using steroid hormones have perfect-use or method failure rates of less than 1% per year. The lowest failure rates are seen with the implants Jadelle and Implanon, at 0.05% per year. [9] [10] According to Contraceptive Technology, none of these methods has a failure rate greater than 0.3% per year. [10]
An intrauterine device (IUD), also known as an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD) or coil, [3] is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are a form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). [4]
Hormonal contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, but it may also thicken the cervical mucus inhibiting sperm penetration. [3] [4] [5] Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium, [6] [7] that theoretically could affect implantation. [8] [9] [10] [11]