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Palaeography is an essential skill for many historians, semioticians and philologists, as it addresses a suite of interrelated lines of inquiry.First, since the style of an alphabet, grapheme or sign system set within a register in each given dialect and language has evolved constantly, it is necessary to know how to decipher its individual substantive, occurrence make-up and constituency.
Scribal abbreviation "iħm xp̄m ⁊ dm̄" for "ihesum christum et deum" in a manuscript of the Epistle to the Galatians. Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.
The study of the writing (the "hand") in surviving manuscripts is termed palaeography (or paleography). The traditional abbreviations are MS for manuscript and MSS for manuscripts, [4] [5] while the forms MS., ms or ms. for singular, and MSS., mss or mss. for plural (with or without the full stop, all uppercase or all lowercase) are also accepted.
Palaeogeography (or paleogeography) is the study of historical geography, generally physical landscapes. [2] Palaeogeography can also include the study of human or cultural environments.
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Also palaeography. The study of historic writing systems, especially very old or ancient ones, and the deciphering, dating, and authentication of historical manuscripts, with a focus on the forms, processes, and methods of writing, in particular the analysis of handwriting, rather than the textual contents of documents.
Abbreviations for “ante meridiem” and “post meridiem” ASAP. As soon as possible. BOGO. Buy one, get one. BOPUS. Buy online, pick up in store. ICYMI. An abbreviation meaning “in case you ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.