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printf(string format, items-to-format) It can take one or more arguments, where the first argument is a string to be written. This string can contain special formatting codes which are replaced by items from the remainder of the arguments. For example, an integer can be printed using the "%d" formatting code, e.g.: printf("%d", 42);
printf is a C standard library function that formats text and writes it to standard output. The name, printf is short for print formatted where print refers to output to a printer although the functions are not limited to printer output.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
On POSIX systems, the file descriptor for standard input is 0 (zero); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDIN_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> abstraction is provided via the FILE* stdin global variable. Similarly, the global C++ std::cin variable of type <iostream> provides an abstraction via C++ streams.
The Metacode extension to C++ (Vandevoorde 2003) [1] was an early experimental system to allow compile-time function evaluation (CTFE) and code injection as an improved syntax for C++ template metaprogramming. In earlier versions of C++, template metaprogramming is often used to compute values at compile time, such as:
Format bugs arise because C's argument passing conventions are not type-safe. In particular, the varargs mechanism allows functions to accept any number of arguments (e.g. printf) by "popping" as many arguments off the call stack as they wish, trusting the early arguments to indicate how many additional arguments are to be popped, and of what ...
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [1] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [2] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. [3]
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output. [3] The command accepts a format string, which specifies how to format values, and a list of values.