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  2. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    For example, a transfer of a single electron between atoms is a useful approximation for bonds that form between atoms with one-electron more than a filled shell, and others that are one-electron short of a full shell, such as occurs in the compound sodium chloride and other chemical ionic salts. Many elements display multiple valences, or ...

  3. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.

  4. Electron configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration

    An example of this tendency is two hydrogen (H) atoms reacting with one oxygen (O) atom to form water (H 2 O). Neutral atomic hydrogen has one electron in its valence shell , and on formation of water it acquires a share of a second electron coming from oxygen, so that its configuration is similar to that of its nearest noble gas helium (He ...

  5. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    The nitrogen atom has only 6 electrons assigned to it. One of the lone pairs on an oxygen atom must form a double bond, but either atom will work equally well. Therefore, there is a resonance structure. Tie up loose ends. Two Lewis structures must be drawn: Each structure has one of the two oxygen atoms double-bonded to the nitrogen atom.

  6. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    A double bond between two given atoms consists of one σ and one π bond, and a triple bond is one σ and two π bonds. [8] Covalent bonds are also affected by the electronegativity of the connected atoms which determines the chemical polarity of the bond. Two atoms with equal electronegativity will make nonpolar covalent bonds such as H–H.

  7. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    In 1916, chemist Gilbert N. Lewis developed the concept of electron-pair bonds, in which two atoms may share one to six electrons, thus forming the single electron bond, a single bond, a double bond, or a triple bond; in Lewis's own words, "An electron may form a part of the shell of two different atoms and cannot be said to belong to either ...

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    In a water molecule, the hydrogen atoms form a 104.5° angle with the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms are close to two corners of a tetrahedron centered on the oxygen. At the other two corners are lone pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in the bonding. In a perfect tetrahedron, the atoms would form a 109.5° angle, but the ...