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Granulomatous–lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a lung complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). It is seen in approximately 15% of patients with CVID. [ 1 ] It has been defined histologically as the presence of (non-caseating) granuloma and lymphoproliferation in the lung. [ 1 ]
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
709 Other disorders of skin and subcutaneous tissue. 709.0 Dyschromia. 709.01 Vitiligo; 709.1 Vascular disorders of skin; 709.2 Scar; 709.3 Degenerative skin disorders; 709.4 Foreign body granuloma of skin and subcutaneous tissue; 709.8 Other specified disorders of skin; 709.9 Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue
The disease is still sometimes confused with lethal midline granuloma and lymphomatoid granulomatosis, both malignant lymphomas. [ 34 ] The full clinical picture was first presented by Friedrich Wegener (1907–1990), a German pathologist , in two reports in 1936 and 1939, leading to the eponymous name Wegener's granulomatosis or Wegener ...
[9] [10] In general, acute HP is suspected to be attributed to a type III hypersensitivity while the subacute and chronic types are suspected to be caused by T cell infiltration and granuloma formation. [11] Because different people react variably to antigen exposure, the exact mechanism is unclear but genetic and host factors are likely at ...
While a lung biopsy is the gold standard, some clinicians opt against this due to the risks of the procedure. Lung biopsies performed on patients with NSIP reveal two different disease patterns – cellular and fibrosing – which are associated with different prognoses. The cellular pattern displays chronic inflammation with minimal fibrosis.
Lung nodules can also occur in immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or organizing pneumonia. A solitary lung nodule can be found to be an arteriovenous malformation, a hematoma or an infarction zone. It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque.
Chronic histoplasmosis cases can resemble tuberculosis; [9] [10] disseminated histoplasmosis affects multiple organ systems and is fatal unless treated. [11] While histoplasmosis is the most common cause of mediastinitis, this remains a relatively rare disease.