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Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus which is a more severe form of SLE that develops in children up to 18 years old; both are autoimmune diseases.
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis of Lupus nephritis, Class II is also noted by mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen in Class II Lupus nephritis. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury are very rare at this stage. [6]
Certain types of lupus nephritis such as diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis require intermittent cytotoxic drugs. These drugs include cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate . Cyclophosphamide increases the risk of developing infections, pancreas problems, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure.
Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules. [4] It is one of several different types of nephropathy .
Focal proliferative nephritis is a type of glomerulonephritis seen in 20% to 35% of cases of lupus nephritis, classified as type III. As the name suggests, lesions are seen in less than half of the glomeruli .
"AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: Minimal Mesangial and Mesangial Proliferative Lupus Nephritis (ISN/RPS Class I and II)". American Journal of Kidney Diseases . 70 (2).
It is predominantly found in younger, female patients, and indeed 1/3 of patients with class V lupus nephritis are EXT positive . Prognosis is good. A less common target antigen in lupus nephritis is NCAM1. [10]
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