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The Golden Orphism Book (Bulgarian: Златна орфическа книга), also known as the Etruscan Gold Book, is a Thracian artefact consisting of six connected sheets of gold.
The Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC). [1]The Thracians (Bulgarian: Траки, Ancient Greek: Θρᾷκες, Latin: Thraci) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Central and Southeastern Europe, centred in modern Bulgaria. [2]
The Varna culture was a Chalcolithic culture of northeastern Bulgaria, dated c. 4500 BC, [1] [2] contemporary and closely related with the Gumelnița culture. The oldest golden artifacts in the world (4600 BC - 4200 BC) were found in the Necropolis of Varna. These artefacts are on display in the Varna Archaeological Museum. [3] [4] [5]
The hoard consists of 13 receptacles, different in form and size, and weighs in total 12.5 kg: two round platters; five round domed pieces, two with central handles; three cups with handles; a jug with handle; three leaf shaped vessels with handles; a bowl with two handles (4.5 kg of gold) The gold metal has a natural mixture of 9.7% silver.
The museum was moved in 2000 to one of the major buildings in the complex serving as official residence of the President, Vice President and Government of the Republic of Bulgaria., [1] and currently contains over 650,000 objects connected to archaeology, fine arts, history and ethnography, although only 10% of them are permanently exhibited.
Georgi Kitov (Bulgarian: Георги Китов) (March 1, 1943 – September 14, 2008) was a Bulgarian archaeologist and thracologist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] He specialized in Thracian archaeology. [ 3 ] He participated in the excavations of many sites including the Alexandrovo Tomb , Kosmatka , Svetitzata and Starosel Cult Complex .
As one of the best known surviving artefacts of Thracian culture, the treasure has been displayed at various museums around the world. [14] [5] [15] [16] [17] The treasure is the centerpiece of the Thracian art collection of the Plovdiv Regional Historical Museum, the National Museum of History in Sofia, and the History Museum in Panagyurishte. [18]