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The female or male external sphincter muscle of urethra (sphincter urethrae): located in the deep perineal pouch, at the bladder's distal inferior end in females, and inferior to the prostate (at the level of the membranous urethra) in males. It is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra.
Urinary retention is a relatively uncommon presentation in young women. Fowler's syndrome primarily presents in women between menarche and menopause. The peak age of onset is 26 yrs. [5] It is seen in about one third of the women who experience urinary retention. The predominant complaint is the inability to urinate for a day or more with no ...
The internal urethral sphincter is a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is located at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder and is continuous with the detrusor muscle , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but anatomically and functionally fully independent from it. [ 3 ]
The muscle helps maintain continence of urine along with the internal urethral sphincter which is under control of the autonomic nervous system.The external sphincter muscle prevents urine leakage as the muscle is tonically contracted via somatic fibers that originate in Onuf's nucleus and pass through sacral spinal nerves S2-S4 then the pudendal nerve to synapse on the muscle.
Around one third of men will develop urinary tract (outflow) symptoms, of which the principal underlying cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia. [26] Once symptoms arise, their progress is variable and unpredictable with about one third of patients improving, one third remaining stable and one third deteriorating. [citation needed]
A rhabdosphincter (from Greek rhabdos meaning "rod") is a sphincter consisting of striated muscle fibres. [1] The muscle is a part of the external urethral sphincter that continues superiorly as a trough-like extension running vertically across the anterior aspect of the prostate to reach the neck of the bladder. [2] [3]
Urethral pressure profilometry: measures strength of sphincter contraction. [7] Electromyography (EMG) measurement of electrical activity in the bladder neck. Assessing the "tightness" along the length of the urethra. Fluoroscopy (moving video x-rays) of the bladder and bladder neck during voiding.
Urethral hypermobility is a condition of excessive movement of the female urethra due to a weakened urogenital diaphragm. It describes the instability of the urethra in relation to the pelvic floor muscles. A weakened pelvic floor muscle fails to adequately close the urethra and hence can cause stress urinary incontinence. This condition may be ...