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Percent active chlorine is a unit of concentration used for hypochlorite-based bleaches.One gram of a 100% active chlorine bleach has the quantitative bleaching capacity as one gram of free chlorine.
Household bleach and pool chlorinator solutions are typically stabilized by a significant concentration of lye (caustic soda, NaOH) as part of the manufacturing reaction. This additive will by itself cause caustic irritation or burns due to defatting and saponification of skin oils and destruction of tissue.
Writing and printer paper would typically be as bright as 104 ISO. While the results are the same, the processes and fundamental chemistry involved in bleaching chemical pulps (like kraft or sulfite ) are very different from those involved in bleaching mechanical pulps (like stoneground, thermomechanical or chemo-thermomechanical).
For example, the label of a household bleach product may specify "5% sodium hypochlorite by weight." That would mean that 1 kilogram of the product contains 0.05 × 1000 g = 50 g of NaClO. A typical oxidation reaction is the conversion of iodide I − to elemental iodine I 2. The relevant reactions are NaClO + 2 H + + 2 I − → NaCl + H 2 O ...
Hypochlorite is a sufficiently strong oxidiser to convert Mn(III) to Mn(V) during the Jacobsen epoxidation reaction and to convert Ce 3+ to Ce 4+. [9] This oxidising power is what makes them effective bleaching agents and disinfectants. In organic chemistry, hypochlorites can be used to oxidise primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. [18]
A 1-in-47 dilution of household bleach with water (1 part bleach to 47 parts water: e.g. one teaspoon of bleach in a cup of water, or 21 ml per litre, or 1 / 3 cup of bleach in a gallon of water) is effective against many bacteria and some viruses in homes. [33]
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula Ca(Cl O) 2, also written as Ca(OCl) 2.It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air.
Potassium ferricyanide when milled has lighter color. Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K 3 [Fe(CN) 6].This bright red salt contains the octahedrally coordinated [Fe(CN) 6] 3− ion. [2]
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