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  2. Reality testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_testing

    Reality testing is the psychotherapeutic function by which the objective or real world and one's relationship to it are reflected on and evaluated by the observer. This process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is a technique commonly used in psychoanalysis and behavior therapy, and was originally devised by Sigmund Freud.

  3. Freud's psychoanalytic theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud's_psychoanalytic...

    The reality principle is what the Ego operates in order to help satisfy the Id's demands as well as compromising according to reality. The Ego is a person's "self" composed of unconscious desires. The Ego takes into account ethical and cultural ideals in order to balance out the desires originating in the Id.

  4. Reality tunnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_tunnel

    Reality tunnel is a theory that, with a subconscious set of mental filters formed from beliefs and experiences, every individual interprets the same world differently, hence "Truth is in the eye of the beholder".

  5. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [43] [44] [45] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...

  6. Reality principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_principle

    An example of the reality principle at work is a person who is dieting, but chooses not to give into hunger cravings. He or she knows that satisfying their unhealthy cravings, and thus satisfying the pleasure principle, provides only short-term empty satisfaction that thwarts the objective of the diet.

  7. Negation (Freud) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation_(Freud)

    Denial, abnegation or Negation [1] (German: Verleugnung, Verneinung) is a psychological defense mechanism postulated by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence.

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Wednesday, December 11

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    today's connections game answers for wednesday, december 11, 2024: 1. utopia: paradise, seventh heaven, shangri-la, xanadu 2. things you shake: hairspray, magic 8 ...

  9. List of social psychology theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_psychology...

    Social psychology utilizes a wide range of specific theories for various kinds of social and cognitive phenomena. Here is a sampling of some of the more influential theories that can be found in this branch of psychology. Attribution theory – is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behaviour of others. The theory ...