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Post-concussion syndrome (PCS), also known as persisting symptoms after concussion, is a set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or years after a concussion. PCS is medically classified as a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).
As of 2006, studies had conflicting findings on whether athletes have longer recovery times after repeat concussions and whether cumulative effects such as impairment in cognition and memory occur. [40] Cumulative effects may include chronic traumatic encephalopathy, psychiatric disorders and loss of long-term memory.
Concussions can lead to poor grades
Along with the short term effects that occur with second-impact syndrome, improper care for concussions can lead to longer term effects as well. [40] These include early onset dementia or Alzheimer's, and early onset of Parkinson's disease. Increased loss of vision and risk of stroke can occur further on in their lives. [41]
The brain may show signs of concussion for months or years after the injury occurred, according to a Canadian study of college athletes. Lasting brain changes seen in college athletes after concussion
“Typically, a single concussion isn’t going to cause long-term effects, major long-term effects, unless there’s maybe some underlying condition that we don’t know about for the individual ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
People with minor brain damage can have debilitating side effects; not just severe brain damage has debilitating effects. [49] The side-effects of a brain injury depend on location and the body's response to injury. [49] Even a mild concussion can have long term effects that may not resolve. [50]