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Philip's constant involvement and focus in European wars took a significant toll on the treasury and caused economic difficulties for the Crown and even bankruptcies. Personal guidon of Philip II In 1588, the English defeated Philip's Spanish Armada , thwarting his planned invasion of the country to reinstate Catholicism.
Philip was born in either 383 or 382 BC, and was the youngest son of King Amyntas III and Eurydice of Lynkestis. [5] [6] He had two older brothers, Alexander II and Perdiccas III, as well as a sister named Eurynoe.
Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), also known as Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks ( Latin : rex Francorum ), but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself "King of France" ( rex Francie ).
The capture of Krinides was thus, in the long term, a very significant event in Philip's rise to power. [53] Among its effects, it is noteworthy that Philip pioneered the use of archers (both mercenary Cretan archers and locally trained Macedonians) and siege engineers in the Macedonia army. [67]
Philip does not appear to have treated this as a declaration of war, but it nevertheless presented him with a significant problem, blocking the main route. [29] However, a second route into central Greece was available, leading over the shoulder of Mount Callidromos and descending into Phocis. [29]
Here is a look at the Duke of Edinburgh’s life and royal role: – Who was the Duke of Edinburgh? The Duke of Edinburgh – also known as Prince Philip – was married to Queen Elizabeth II.
Philip’s great-great-uncle, Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, fourth child and second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, was also a Duke of Edinburgh in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
His son Pompeo Leoni (c. 1533–1608) produced a bust of Philip, c. 1556, painted silver, [21] and later worked on the royal chapel at Philip's palace of El Escorial. [22] As he grew into middle age, the pious Philip favoured an austere style of dress for himself and his court.