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Philip II of Macedon [2] (Ancient Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. [3]
However, in 339 BC, the Greeks had either forgotten the existence of this road, or believed that Philip would not use it; the subsequent failure to guard this road allowed Philip to slip into central Greece unhindered. [178] Philip's relatively lenient treatment of the Phocians in 346 BC now bore fruit. Reaching Elatea, he ordered the city to ...
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, [1] later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 1921 [fn 1] – 9 April 2021), was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he was the consort of the British monarch from his wife's accession on 6 February 1952 until his death in 2021, making him the longest-serving royal ...
King Philip was initially urged by Isocrates in 346 BC to unify Greece against the Persians. [8] [9] After the Battle of Chaeronea, the League of Corinth was formed and controlled by Philip. Alexander utilized his father's league when planning his pan-Hellenic invasion of Asia to expand Macedon and take revenge on the Persian Empire. [10]
The Macedonian phalanx (Greek: Μακεδονική φάλαγξ) was an infantry formation developed by Philip II from the classical Greek phalanx, of which the main innovation was the use of the sarissa, a 6-metre pike. It was famously commanded by Philip's son Alexander the Great during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire between 334 and ...
This provided Philip with a base in Greece, and new, grateful allies in the Phocians. [30] Philip probably arrived in Phocis in November 339 BC, but the Battle of Chaeronea did not occur until August 338 BC. [30] During this period Philip discharged his responsibility to the Amphicytonic council by settling the situation in Amphissa.
In 349 BC, Philip started the siege of Olynthus. Olynthus was formerly allied with Macedonia but then had later switched their allegiance to Athens. In 345 BC, Philip conducted another campaign against the Ardiaei, under their King Pleuratus I, during which Philip was seriously wounded in the lower right leg by an Ardian soldier. [2]
Philip II used the distraction of the other states to increase his power in central Greece, in the process becoming ruler of Thessaly. In the end, Philip's growing power, and the exhaustion of the other states, allowed him to impose a peaceful settlement of the war, marking a major step in the rise of Macedon to pre-eminence in Ancient Greece ...