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At Italy's instigation, a resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty was presented by the European Union in partnership with eight co-author member States to the General Assembly of the United Nations, calling for general suspension (not abolition) of capital punishment throughout the world.
The Optional Protocol commits its members to the abolition of the death penalty within their borders, though Article 2.1 allows parties to make a reservation allowing execution "in time of war pursuant to a conviction for a most serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime" (Brazil, Chile, El Salvador). [2]
Capital punishment is retained in law by 55 UN member states or observer states, with 140 having abolished it in law or in practice.The most recent legal executions performed by nations and other entities with criminal law jurisdiction over the people present within its boundaries are listed below.
The country carried out its last execution in 1978. [2] Prior to the death penalty's de jure abolition, Togo was classified as "Abolitionist in Practice." [3] Togo acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on 14 Sep 2016. [4]
It was adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976 after its thirty-fifth ratification or accession. [ A ] As of June 2024 [update] , the Covenant has 174 parties and six more signatories without ratification, most notably the People's Republic of China and Cuba ...
Angola signed the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on September 24, 2013, and ratified it on October 2, 2019. [2] Angola voted in favor of the UN moratorium on the death penalty in 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and most recently in 2020.
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[2] Senegal is not a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. [3] It did not vote during the United Nations moratorium on the death penalty resolution in 2020. [4]