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Summarizing, for any truly ohmic device having resistance R, V/I = ΔV/ΔI = R for any applied voltage or current or for the difference between any set of applied voltages or currents. The I–V curves of four devices: Two resistors, a diode, and a battery. The two resistors follow Ohm's law: The plot is a straight line through the origin.
Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of nodal analysis. In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents.
The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...
Shockley derives an equation for the voltage across a p-n junction in a long article published in 1949. [2] Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. [3]
The intersections of the load line with the transistor characteristic curves represent the circuit-constrained values of I C and V CE at different base currents. [2] If the transistor could pass all the current available, with no voltage dropped across it, the collector current would be the supply voltage V CC over R L. This is the point where ...
The input voltage source and the resistor R constitute an imperfect current source passing current, I R through the load (Fig. 3 in the source). The INIC acts as a second current source passing "helping" current, I −R, through the load. As a result, the total current flowing through the load is constant and the circuit impedance seen by the ...
In electromagnetism, Jefimenko's equations (named after Oleg D. Jefimenko) give the electric field and magnetic field due to a distribution of electric charges and electric current in space, that takes into account the propagation delay (retarded time) of the fields due to the finite speed of light and relativistic effects.