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There are many causes of insulin resistance and the underlying process is still not completely understood. Risk factors for insulin resistance include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, various health conditions, and certain medications. Insulin resistance is considered a component of the metabolic syndrome. There are ...
Insulin resistance, or low insulin sensitivity, happens when cells throughout the body don’t respond properly to the hormone insulin, especially cells in muscles, fat and the liver. Insulin is a ...
There are two phases of the insulin secretion, the first phase involves the L-type Ca 2+ channels and the second phase involves the R-type Ca 2+ channels. The Ca 2+ influx generated by R-type Ca 2+ channels is not enough to cause insulin exocytosis, however, it increases the mobilization of the vesicles towards the cell membrane. [4]
The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
An estimated 40% of adults in the U.S. between the ages of 18 and 44 have insulin resistance, which is when the body doesn’t respond the way it should to insulin, a hormone the pancreas makes ...
“These fatty acids stick together and harden the cell wall, which causes insulin resistance.” That, in turn, prompts glucose to accumulate in the bloodstream, resulting in high blood sugar.
Transcription of insulin is regulated by the binding of various transcription factors to the ~400 base pairs before the insulin transcription start site, called the "insulin regulatory sequence". [1] This sequence is made up of several distinct regions with different biochemical properties, each of which serve as binding sites for distinct ...
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is caused by insufficient or non-existent production of insulin, while type 2 is primarily due to a decreased response to insulin in the tissues of the body (insulin resistance). Both types of diabetes, if untreated, result in too much glucose remaining in the blood (hyperglycemia) and many of the same complications.