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2. Persian and Urdu - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_and_Urdu

   Hindustani (sometimes called Hindi–Urdu) is a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and the Hindi Belt of India. It forms a dialect continuum between its two formal registers: the highly Persianized Urdu, and the de-Persianized, Sanskritized Hindi. [2] Urdu uses a modification of the Persian alphabet, whereas Hindi uses Devanagari ...

3. Deccani language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccani_language

   Deccani retains some features of medieval Hindustani that have disappeared in contemporary Hindi-Urdu. It is also distinguished by grammar and vocabulary influences from Marathi, Kannada, and Telugu, due to its prolonged use as a lingua franca in the Deccan. [36] Below is a non-exhaustive list of its unique features, with standard Urdu equivalents:

4. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

   paṛnā "to suddenly fall" "to lie flat" Connotes involuntary, sudden, or unavoidable occurrence.; [60] This can also mean "to have to, must" in the perfect tenses – to have to do: karnā paṛnā 1. uṭhnā "to get up" → uṭh paṛnā "to suddenly get up" 2. girnā "to fall down" → gir paṛnā "to collapse" uṭhnā "to rise"

5. History of Hindustani language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hindustani_language

   These Persian and Arabic loanwords form 25% of Urdu's vocabulary. [10] [23] As a form of Hindustani and a member of the Western Hindi category of Indo-Aryan languages, [22] 75% of Urdu words have their etymological roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit, [10] [24] [25] and approximately 99% of Urdu verbs have their roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit. [23] [26]

6. Urdu - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

   The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [79] [80] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.

7. Urdu literature - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_literature

   Urdu developed during the 11th to 13th centuries, although the name "Urdu" did not exist at the time for the language. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the thirteenth century, wrote and gave shape to the Rekhta dialect (the Persianized combination of Hindavi), which was the early form of Modern Standard Urdu. He was thus called, the "father of Urdu ...