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The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
The Spanish Empire's "Islas Filipínas, Marianas y Carolinas" under the Spanish East Indies Captaincy General based in Manila and other formerly planned and former possessions and adjacent islands. 1858, Fragment. 1888 map showing the Spanish East Indies, including Palau Islands (map without Philippines) The Spanish East Indies came to be ...
Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law, and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain. After this, the colony was ...
Map of the Presidios built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in Fortress of Empire by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997). The Spanish fortifications of the Philippines, or fuerzas, are strongholds constructed by Filipinos and Spaniards primarily for protection against local and foreign aggressors during the Spanish colonial period, and during the subsequent American and Japanese occupations.
Colonial Manila, c. 1826. In 1574, the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.In 1584, the Real Audiencia of Manila was established by King Felipe II, who appointed as its president the same governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines.
The Spanish population that settled in the Philippines during the colonial period were originally referred to as "Filipinos". [22] Spaniards, Latin Americans and Spanish-speaking Filipinos are referred to by native Filipinos as "Kastila", a word for "Castilian" which means the region and language of Castile , or an individual of Spanish heritage.
Despite years of colonial rule, the Philippines retained its culture and various languages. The most common languages spoken in the Philippines today are English and Filipino, the national language that is a standardised form of Tagalog. Spanish was an official language of the country until immediately after the People Power Revolution in ...
The Spanish friars were the crucial elements in the Westernization of the Philippines, and in spreading the Christian faith in that part of the world. Though missionary endeavors played a key role in their project, the Spanish Friars were merely one arm of a broader Spanish colonial endeavor.