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An early model of change developed by Lewin described change as a three-stage process. [15] The first stage he called "unfreezing". It involved overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing "mind set". It must be part of surviving. Defense mechanisms have to be bypassed. In the second stage the change occurs.
Note it is not merely the experience that causes a change in the "life space", but the acceptance (internalization) of external stimuli. Lewin took these same principles and applied them to the analysis of group conflict, learning, adolescence, hatred, morale, German society, etc. This approach allowed him to break down common misconceptions of ...
It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term "action research" in 1944. In his 1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative ...
It also illustrates other aspects of Lewin's general model of change. As indicated in the diagram, the planning stage is a period of unfreezing, or problem awareness. [22] The action stage is a period of change, that is, trying out new forms of behavior in an effort to understand and cope with the system's problems.
Lewin's first venture into change management started with researching field theory in 1921. Five years later, Lewin would begin a series consisting of about 20 articles to explain field theory. He would go on and publish Principles of Topological Psychology in 1936, which was Lewin's most in depth look at field theory.
Broadly, in Reddin's book, The Output Oriented Organization, it was designed around Lewin's work on change in the social systems and the ability to understand it the same way as physical change. This is seen in Lewin's research in unfreezing. Lewin's early model of change was described it in terms of a three-stage process, and served as a ...
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Lewin's field theory holds that a number of different and competing forces combine to result in the totality of the situation. A single person's behavior may be different in unique situations, as he or she is acting partly in response to these differential forces and factors (e.g. the environment, or E ):