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Parmotrema perforatum, commonly known as the perforated ruffle lichen, [3] is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [4] The lichen was first formally described as new species in 1787 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. It was transferred to the genus Parmotrema by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860. [5]
Awnings were first used by the ancient Egyptian and Syrian civilizations. They are described as "woven mats" that shaded market stalls and homes. A Roman poet Lucretius, in 50 BC, said "Linen-awning, stretched, over mighty theatres, gives forth at times, a cracking roar, when much 'tis beaten about, betwixt the poles and cross-beams".
[3] [11] [5] [12] The species can be found growing in association with mosses in some cases, which is thought to help with their attachment to rocks or woody debris.The species is shade intolerant, and typically cannot grow in areas with 70% canopy cover or more. With the exception of populations in the Pacific Northwest, reindeer lichen grow ...
Xanthoparmelia (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] : 134 This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, South America, southern Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.
A lichen with a shrub-like or hairy thallus attached to the substrate at a single point. [204] fruticulose Also fruticulous . A smaller version of a fruticose lichen. [204] See related: microlichen. fulvous An yellow-brown or tawny color. [43] funiculus See umbilicate lichen. funoid Made of fibers or rope-like strands. [43] furcate Forked. [215 ...
A lichen can be described as all of the following: Life form – an entity that is alive.; Composite organism – a symbiotic life form composed of multiple partners from different biological domains, families and kingdoms, and from different phyla, classes and divisions within those domains and kingdoms.
One reason the greenshield lichen can be more commonly found than other lichen species is because it is relatively tolerant of pollution. Lichens are often used to monitor air quality.
Lichens are known in which there is one fungus associated with two or even three algal species. Rarely, the reverse can occur, and two or more fungal species can interact to form the same lichen. [12] Both the lichen and the fungus partner bear the same scientific name, and the lichens are being integrated into the classification schemes for fungi.