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Thromboembolism is a condition in which a blood clot breaks off from its original site and travels through the bloodstream (as an embolus) to obstruct a blood vessel, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage. Thromboembolism can affect both the venous and arterial systems, with different clinical manifestations and management strategies.
While venous thrombosis of the legs is the most common form, venous thrombosis may occur in other veins. These may have particular specific risk factors: [5] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and jugular vein thrombosis: thrombosis of the veins of the brain and head
Deep vein thrombosis/ right leg. Thrombophlebitis causes include disorders related to increased tendency for blood clotting and reduced speed of blood in the veins such as prolonged immobility; prolonged traveling (sitting) may promote a blood clot leading to thrombophlebitis but this occurs relatively less.
Anticoagulation for patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis at increased risk for thromboembolism (affected venous segment of ≥5 cm, in proximity to deep venous system, positive medical risk factors). [20] Treatment with fondaparinux reduces the risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism. [21]
DVT and PE are the two manifestations of the cardiovascular disease venous thromboembolism (VTE). [2] VTE can occur as DVT only, DVT with PE, or PE only. [3] About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. [12] VTE, along with superficial vein thrombosis, are common types of venous thrombosis ...
Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or in arteries (arterial thrombosis). Venous thrombosis (sometimes called DVT, deep vein thrombosis) leads to a blood clot in the affected part of the body, while arterial thrombosis (and, rarely, severe venous thrombosis) affects the blood supply and leads to damage of the tissue supplied by ...
These risk factors include age, cancer, history of thromboembolism, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive medications (containing estrogen), [4] hormone replacement therapy, recent surgery, and certain autoimmune diseases (especially Behçet's and Buerger's diseases). [3] Other risk factors include immobilization (stasis) and laparoscopy. [1]
The three factors have been further refined to include circulatory stasis, vascular wall injury, and hypercoagulable state, all of which contribute to increased risk for venous thromboembolism and other cardiovascular diseases. [4] Virchow's triad describes the pathogenesis of thrombus formation: [7] [8]