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More recent MRI studies have reported age-related regional decreases in cerebral volume. [6] [7] Regional volume reduction is not uniform; some brain regions shrink at a rate of up to 1% per year, whereas others remain relatively stable until the end of the life-span. [8]
The brain volume decreases roughly 5% per decade after forty. It is currently unclear why brain volume decreases with age. However, a few causes may include cell death, decreased cell volume, and changes in synaptic structure.
Accumulation of extracellular fluid increases brain volume and then intracranial pressure causing the symptoms of cerebral edema. [1] There are several clinical conditions in which vasogenic edema is present: CNS tumors, like glioblastoma and meningioma [1] [21] Infections like meningitis, abscess, and encephalitis [1] [21]
About 15% of the blood volume is present in the arteries, 40% in the veins, and 45% in the nerve tissue and capillaries. [2] There is a difference between the cerebral blood volume of gray and white matter. The cerebral blood volume value of gray matter is about 3.5 +/- 0.4 ml/100g, and the white matter is about 1.7 +/- 0.4 ml/100g.
This relationship is dictated by the Monro-Kellie doctrine, which states that as the brain swells, intracranial pressure (ICP) rises and cerebral perfusion decreases. As the brain swelling exceeds a certain point called the critical closing pressure (CrCP), the arterioles feeding the brain oxygen-rich blood will collapse, and the brain becomes ...
For example, an increase in lesion volume (e.g., epidural hematoma) will be compensated by the downward displacement of CSF and venous blood. [24] Additionally, there is some evidence that brain tissue itself may provide an additional buffer for elevated ICP in circumstances of acute intracranial mass effect via cell volume regulation. [25] [26]
A specific type of body fat — visceral fat — around the midsection has been linked to the abnormal proteins that develop in the brain and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, according to findings ...
The condition is more concerning if it starts suddenly, or pain or shortness of breath is present. [2] Treatment depends on the underlying cause. [2] If the underlying mechanism involves sodium retention, decreased salt intake and a diuretic may be used. [2] Elevating the legs and support stockings may be useful for edema of the legs. [3]