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Consider the first triangular diagram below, which shows all possible mixtures of methane, oxygen and nitrogen. Air is a mixture of about 21 volume percent oxygen, and 79 volume percent inerts (nitrogen). Any mixture of methane and air will therefore lie on the straight line between pure methane and pure air – this is shown as the blue air-line.
Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion).
A 5% displayed LFL reading for methane, for example, would be equivalent to 5% multiplied by 4.4%, or approximately 0.22% methane by volume at 20 degrees C. Control of the explosion hazard is usually achieved by sufficient natural or mechanical ventilation, to limit the concentration of flammable gases or vapors to a maximum level of 25% of ...
The gaseous state of water is lighter than air (density 0.804 g/L at STP, average molecular mass 18.015 g/mol) due to water's low molar mass when compared with typical atmospheric gases such as nitrogen gas (N 2). It is non-flammable and much cheaper than helium. The concept of using steam for lifting is therefore already 200 years old.
The flames caused as a result of a fuel undergoing combustion (burning) Air pollution abatement equipment provides combustion control for industrial processes.. Combustion, or burning, [1] is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
Nitromethane is used as a fuel in motor racing, particularly drag racing, as well as for radio-controlled model power boats, cars, planes and helicopters. In this context, nitromethane is commonly referred to as "nitro fuel" or simply "nitro", and is the principal ingredient for fuel used in the "Top Fuel" category of drag racing. [14]
At high temperatures (700–1100 °C) and in the presence of a metal-based catalyst , steam reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Hydrogen is very bulky compared to other fuels; it is typically stored as a cryogenic liquid, a technique mastered in the early 1950s as part of the hydrogen bomb development program at Los Alamos .
Carbon/hydrogen ratio by weight 8.1 weight % carbon 61.2 weight % hydrogen 4.3 weight % oxygen: 7.4 weight % sulfur 3.9 weight % nitrogen 1.2 weight % ash: 12.0 weight % moisture: 10.0 Combustion air: Excess combustion air, % 12 15 20 Wet exhaust flue gas: Amount of wet exhaust gas, m 3 /GJ of fuel 294.8 303.1 323.1