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Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare kidney disease which manifests in infants during the first 3 months of life, and is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood, and swelling. [1]
A renal diet is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with chronic kidney disease or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein , and electrolytes including sodium , phosphorus , and potassium . [ 1 ]
A more complete list of causes includes: mutations of specific genes (e.g., GHRHR, GH1) congenital diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, [10] or short-stature homeobox gene deficiency [11] congenital malformations involving the pituitary (e.g., septo-optic dysplasia, posterior pituitary ectopia) chronic kidney disease [12]
Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. [1] Causes include a number of kidney diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease.
All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]
The foods within the bland diet are lower in fiber and fat, while also having a more neutral flavor and smell. These include:, Lean proteins prepared with little to no fat and with mild seasoning.
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