Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The effect of major volcanic eruptions on sulfate aerosol concentrations and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Major volcanic eruptions have an overwhelming effect on sulfate aerosol concentrations in the years when they occur: eruptions ranking 4 or greater on the Volcanic Explosivity Index inject SO 2 and water vapor directly into the stratosphere, where they react to create sulfate ...
There are some proponents who argue that unlike stratospheric aerosol injection, space-based approaches are advantageous because they do not interfere directly with the biosphere and ecosystems. [48] However, space-based approaches would cost about 1000 times more than their terrestrial alternatives. [ 49 ]
The conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid, which condenses rapidly in the stratosphere to form fine sulfate aerosols. A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption.
Although there's a popular narrative that stratospheric aerosol injection can be carried out by individuals, small states, or other non-state rogue actors, scientific estimates suggest that cooling the atmosphere by 1 °C (1.8 °F) through stratospheric aerosol injection would cost at least $18 billion annually (at 2020 USD value), meaning that ...
In June 2023 the US government released a report that recommended conducting research on stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening. [ 98 ] As of 2024 the Coastal Atmospheric Aerosol Research and Engagement (CAARE) project was launching sea salt into the marine sky in an effort to increase cloud "brightness" (reflective capacity).
Along with stratospheric aerosol injection, it is one of the two solar radiation management methods that may most feasibly have a substantial climate impact. [1] The intention is that increasing the Earth's albedo, in combination with greenhouse gas emissions reduction, would reduce climate change and its risks to people and the environment. If ...
Stratospheric aerosol injection (climate engineering) ... Space sunshade; Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering; ... Wikipedia® is a registered ...
The 76 kg (168 lb) SAGE III instrument is a grating spectrometer that measures ultraviolet and visible energy. [2] It relies upon the flight-proven designs used in the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM I) and first and second SAGE instruments. The SAGE III design incorporates charge-coupled device (CCD) array detectors and a 16 bit A/D ...