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  2. Tensor tympani muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_tympani_muscle

    In many people with hyperacusis, an increased activity develops in the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear as part of the startle response to some sounds. This lowered reflex threshold for tensor tympani contraction is activated by the perception/anticipation of loud sound, and is called tonic tensor tympani syndrome (TTTS). In some people ...

  3. Acoustic reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_reflex

    The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.

  4. Infrasound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrasound

    Although the ear is the primary organ for sensing low sound, at higher intensities it is possible to feel infrasound vibrations in various parts of the body. The study of such sound waves is sometimes referred to as infrasonics , covering sounds beneath 20 Hz down to 0.1 Hz (and rarely to 0.001 Hz).

  5. Critical band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_band

    The auditory filter of an impaired ear is flatter and broader compared to a normal ear. This is because the frequency selectivity and the tuning of the basilar membrane is reduced as the outer hair cells are damaged. When only the outer hair cells are damaged the filter is broader on the low frequency side.

  6. Head-related transfer function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-related_transfer_function

    HRTF filtering effect. A head-related transfer function (HRTF) is a response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space. As sound strikes the listener, the size and shape of the head, ears, ear canal, density of the head, size and shape of nasal and oral cavities, all transform the sound and affect how it is perceived, boosting some frequencies and attenuating others.

  7. Temporal envelope and fine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine...

    Although pitch retrieval mechanisms in the auditory system are still a matter of debate, [76] [115] TFS n information may be used to retrieve the pitch of low-frequency pure tones [75] and estimate the individual frequencies of the low-numbered (ca. 1st-8th) harmonics of a complex sound, [116] frequencies from which the fundamental frequency of ...

  8. Electric acoustic stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_acoustic_stimulation

    The parallel processing of these signals, however, is performed separately and optimized for both acoustic hearing (focusing on low-frequency hearing) and cochlear implant stimulation (focusing on high-frequency hearing). The hearing aid is integrated in the ear hook and the amplified signals are forwarded to the auditory pathway via an ear mould.

  9. Acoustic trauma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_trauma

    Quieter sounds that are concentrated in a narrow frequency may also cause damage to specific frequency receptors. [1] The range of severity can vary from pain to hearing loss. [2] Acute acoustic trauma can be treated by combining hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) with corticosteroids. Acute noise exposure causes inflammation and lower oxygen ...

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