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When a charged object is brought near an uncharged, electrically conducting object, such as a piece of metal, the force of the nearby charge due to Coulomb's law causes a separation of these internal charges. [4]: p.712 For example, if a positive charge is brought near the object (see picture of cylindrical electrode near electrostatic machine ...
In particle physics, every type of particle has an associated antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges such as electric charge. For example, the antiparticle of the electron is the antielectron (which is often referred to as the positron).
Corona effect — Build-up of charges in a high-voltage conductor (common in AC transmission lines), which ionizes the air and produces visible light, usually purple. Dielectric polarization — Orientation of charges in certain insulators inside an external static electric field , such as when a charged object is brought close, which produces ...
The moving electric charge creates a magnetic field, which fluctuates in strength because the electric current's amplitude is fluctuating. This changing magnetic field creates an alternating electric current in the portable device's induction coil, which in turn passes through a rectifier to convert it to direct current .
The history of electromagnetic induction, a facet of electromagnetism, began with observations of the ancients: electric charge or static electricity (rubbing silk on amber), electric current , and magnetic attraction . Understanding the unity of these forces of nature, and the scientific theory of electromagnetism was initiated and achieved ...
A proton by definition carries a charge of exactly 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 coulombs. This value is also defined as the elementary charge. No object can have a charge smaller than the elementary charge, and any amount of charge an object may carry is a multiple of the elementary charge.
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges. Since classical times, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον), meaning 'amber', was thus the root of the word electricity.
volume charge density: coulomb per cubic meter (C/m 3) resistivity: ohm meter (Ω⋅m) sigma: summation operator area charge density: coulomb per square meter (C/m 2) electrical conductivity: siemens per meter (S/m) normal stress: pascal (Pa) scattering cross section: barn (10^-28 m^2) surface tension: newton per meter (N/m)