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2. Module pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module_pattern

   This pattern can be implemented in several ways depending on the host programming language, such as the singleton design pattern, object-oriented static members in a class and procedural global functions. In Python, the pattern is built into the language, and each .py file is automatically a module.

3. Iterator pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterator_pattern

   In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.

4. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

   In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.

5. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

   Despite the name, Python decorators are not an implementation of the decorator pattern. The decorator pattern is a design pattern used in statically-typed object-oriented programming languages to allow functionality to be added to objects at run time; Python decorators add functionality to functions and methods at definition time, and thus are ...

6. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

   A class diagram exemplifying the singleton pattern. In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns, which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [1]

7. Builder pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern

   The builder pattern is a design pattern that provides a flexible solution to various object creation problems in object-oriented programming.The builder pattern separates the construction of a complex object from its representation.

8. Bridge pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_pattern

   The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineering that is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently", introduced by the Gang of Four. [1] The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes.

9. GRASP (object-oriented design) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRASP_(object-oriented_design)

   Larman states that "the critical design tool for software development is a mind well educated in design principles. It is not UML or any other technology." [3]: 272 Thus, the GRASP principles are really a mental toolset, a learning aid to help in the design of object-oriented software.