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The Northstar engine is a family of high-performance 90° V engines produced by General Motors between 1993 and 2011. Regarded as GM's most technically complex engine, the original double overhead cam, four valve per cylinder, aluminum block/aluminum head V8 design was developed by Oldsmobile R&D, [citation needed] but is most associated with Cadillac's Northstar series.
For this inline-4 engine, 1-3-4-2 could be a valid firing order. The firing order of an internal combustion engine is the sequence of ignition for the cylinders. In a spark ignition (e.g. gasoline/petrol) engine, the firing order corresponds to the order in which the spark plugs are operated. In a diesel engine, the firing order corresponds to ...
2012–present; The 3.2 is an I5 engine used in the Ford Transit, the Ford Ranger, Ford Everest, Mazda BT-50 and the Vivarail. For the North American-spec Transit, * the 3.2 L Duratorq is modified to meet American and Canadian emissions standards and is branded as a Power Stroke engine.
The firing order has been changed from that shared by all previous Modular V8s (1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8) to that of the Ford Flathead V8 (1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2). [17] Compression ratio is 11.0:1, and despite having port fuel injection (as opposed to direct injection ) the engine can still be run on 87 octane gasoline.
In order to reduce width, a narrower V-angle could be utilized, such as 60 degrees. Although a 60° V4 is more compact than a 90° V4 engine, the 60° design does not have perfect primary balance (if the crankpins are not split) and, therefore, often require a balance shaft to reduce vibrations similar to the V6 engines .
The Australian Ford straight-six as seen in an XD series Ford Falcon, following adoption of a crossflow design in 1976, and an alloy cylinder head in 1980. With local production of the Ford Falcon starting in 1960, Ford Australia began to offer the same inline-six engines as offered in North America. In Australia, the engine underwent ...
Ford developed a supercharged version of the 3.8 L Essex V6 that was used in two Ford MN12 platform cars beginning in the late 1980s. A belt driven Eaton M90 roots-type supercharger spinning at 2.6 times engine rpm, to a maximum of 15,000 rpm at the engine's 6000 rpm redline, provided up to 12 psi (0.83 bar) of boost. [ 7 ]
The Group 1 engines were the smallest in displacement and outer dimensions, and differed most significantly from the larger Group 2 and Group 3 engines by having only four main bearings (whereas the Group 2 and 3 engines had seven) [1]: 15 and a different firing order (1-5-3-6-2-4, whereas the others are 1-4-2-6-3-5).