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In European Union law, direct effect is the principle that Union law may, if appropriately framed, confer rights on individuals which not only the courts but also the public administration (on national, regional or local level) of member states of the European Union are bound to recognise and enforce.
EUR-Lex is the official online database of European Union law and other public documents of the European Union (EU), published in 24 official languages of the EU. The Official Journal (OJ) of the European Union is also published on EUR-Lex. Users can access EUR-Lex free of charge and also register for a free account, which offers extra features.
This is now called the principle of direct effect. [1] The case is acknowledged as being one of the most important, and possibly the most famous development of European Union law. [1] The case arose from the reclassification of a chemical, by the Benelux countries, into a customs category entailing higher customs charges.
Direct applicability is a concept of European Union constitutional law that relates specifically to regulations, direct applicability (or the characteristic of regulations to be directly effective) is set out in Article 288 (ex Article 249) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (as amended by the Lisbon Treaty). [1]
This list of European Union Directives is ordered by theme to follow EU law. For a date based list, see the Category:European Union directives by number . From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2014, numbers assigned by the General Secretariat of the Council followed adoption, for instance: Directive 2010/75/EU. [ 1 ]
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples". [ 4 ]
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The Court of Justice has held that both a member state government and a private party can hinder freedom of establishment, [30] so article 49 has both "vertical" and "horizontal" direct effect. In Reyners v Belgium [ 31 ] the Court of Justice held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was ...
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