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A retrospective study found that prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders was 1.5% among a random sample of neurological patients, with a MS:NMOSD ratio of 42:7. Among 13 NMOSD patients, 77% had long spinal cord lesions, 38% had severe optic neuritis, and 23% had brain or brainstem lesions. Only 56% had clinically definite NMO at ...
MLKL-MS: Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) related MS - A preliminary report has pointed out evidence of a novel neurodegenerative spectrum disorder related to it. [ 100 ] Other auto-antibodies can be used to establish a differential diagnosis from very different diseases like Sjögren syndrome which can be separated by Anti ...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Myasthenia Gravis The one and a half syndrome is a rare weakness in eye movement affecting both eyes, in which one cannot move laterally at all, and the other can move only in outward direction.
Inebilizumab, sold under the brand name Uplizna, is a medication for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in adults. [8] [9] [5] Inebilizumab is a humanized mAb that binds to and depletes CD19+ B cells including plasmablasts and plasma cells.
Anti-MOG antibodies have been described in some patients with NMOSD [15] [16] who were negative for the aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) antibody. However, most NMOSD is an astrocytopathy, specifically an AQP4 antibody-associated disease, whereas MOG antibody-associated disease is an oligodendrocytopathy, suggesting that these are two separate pathologic entities. [2]
AntiMOG associated encephalomyelitis, one of the underlying conditions for the phenotype neuromyelitis optica [3] [4] and in general all the spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. [5]
Anti-AQP4 diseases, are a group of diseases characterized by auto-antibodies against aquaporin 4.. After the discovery of anti-AQP4 autoantibody in neuromyelitis optica, it was found that it was also present in some patients with other clinically defined diseases, including multiple sclerosis variants like optic-spinal MS.
Devic's disease and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (sometimes previously called optic-spinal MS) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, possibly a variant of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis