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Schematic of Sonoporation Mechanism. This figure depicts the general understanding of sonoporation where a dedicated sonoporator applies ultrasound to induce microbubble cavitation and eventually pore formation. The therapeutic gene or drug of interest thus may translocate within the cell.
Sonoluminescence can occur when a sound wave of sufficient intensity induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to collapse quickly. This cavity may take the form of a preexisting bubble or may be generated through a process known as cavitation. Sonoluminescence in the laboratory can be made to be stable so that a single bubble will expand and ...
This microbubble modification is particularly attractive for Doxil, a lipid formulation of Doxorubicin already in clinical use. [29] An analysis of nanoparticle infiltration due to microbubble destruction indicates that higher pressures are necessary for vascular permeability and likely improves treatment by promoting local fluid movement and ...
Cavitation has also become a concern in the renewable energy sector as it may occur on the blade surface of tidal stream turbines. [43] When the cavitation bubbles collapse, they force energetic liquid into very small volumes, thereby creating spots of high temperature and emitting shock waves, the latter of which are a source of noise.
Ozone MNB gives the same inactivation rate same like conventional ozonation for the target pathogen E.coli, but here in the case of microbubble technology, the ozone dose was lower. [23] As higher mass transfer leads to lower ozone dosage so, this ozone MNB technique is promising and beneficial for the existing water treatment plants. [24]
Supercavitation is the use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object and enable high speeds. Applications include torpedoes and propellers , but in theory, the technique could be extended to an entire underwater vessel.
Bubble fusion is the non-technical name for a nuclear fusion reaction hypothesized to occur inside extraordinarily large collapsing gas bubbles created in a liquid during acoustic cavitation. The more technical name is sonofusion. [1]
Non-thermal effects are from cavitation, microstreaming and acoustic streaming. [29] [21] Cavitation is the main non-thermal effect of therapeutic ultrasound. [4] [21] Cavitation results from the vibration of tissue causing microscopic bubbles to form.