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  2. Fish physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

    In fish, the system has only one circuit, with the blood being pumped through the capillaries of the gills and on to the capillaries of the body tissues. This is known as single cycle circulation. The heart of fish is therefore only a single pump (consisting of two chambers). Fish have a closed-loop circulatory system.

  3. Water vascular system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vascular_system

    The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. [1] The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to ...

  4. Biofluid dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofluid_dynamics

    Understanding the circulatory system is one of the major areas of research. The respiratory system is very closely linked to the circulatory system and is very complex to study and understand. The study of Biofluid Dynamics is also directed towards finding solutions to some of the human body related diseases and disorders.

  5. Fish anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_anatomy

    Fish have the simplest circulatory system, consisting of only one circuit, with the blood being pumped through the capillaries of the gills and on to the capillaries of the body tissues. This is known as single cycle circulation. [49]

  6. Aquatic respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_respiration

    In fish, the long bony cover for the gill (the operculum) can be used for pushing water. Some fish pump water using the operculum. Without an operculum, other methods, such as ram ventilation, are required. Some species of sharks use this system. When they swim, water flows into the mouth and across the gills.

  7. Human physiology of underwater diving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology_of...

    Circulatory system – Organ system for circulating blood in animals Blood – Organic fluid which transports nutrients throughout the organism; Heart – Organ found in humans and other animals Atrial septal defect, also known as Patent foramen ovale – Human heart defect present at birth

  8. Biological system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_system

    Cardiovascular system (heart and circulatory system): pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels. Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine. Integumentary system: skin, hair, fat, and nails.

  9. Rete mirabile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_mirabile

    In many fish, a rete mirabile helps fill the swim bladder with oxygen, increasing the fish's buoyancy. The rete mirabile is an essential [ 8 ] part of the system that pumps dissolved oxygen from a low partial pressure ( P O 2 {\displaystyle {P_{\rm {O_{2}}}}} ) of 0.2 atmospheres into a gas filled bladder that is at a pressure of hundreds of ...