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  2. Fallacy of composition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_composition

    The fallacy of composition is an informal fallacy that arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. A trivial example might be: "This tire is made of rubber; therefore, the vehicle of which it is a part is also made of rubber."

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Naturalistic fallacy fallacy is a type of argument from fallacy. Straw man fallacy – refuting an argument different from the one actually under discussion, while not recognizing or acknowledging the distinction. [110] Texas sharpshooter fallacy – improperly asserting a cause to explain a cluster of data. [111]

  4. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    Boudry coined the term fallacy fork. [27] For a given fallacy, one must either characterize it by means of a deductive argumentation scheme, which rarely applies (the first prong of the fork), or one must relax definitions and add nuance to take the actual intent and context of the argument into account (the other prong of the fork). [27]

  5. Fallacy of division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_division

    Both the fallacy of division and the fallacy of composition were addressed by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations.. In the philosophy of the ancient Greek Anaxagoras, as claimed by the Roman atomist Lucretius, [6] it was assumed that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance: so atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be ...

  6. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    A declarative statement that is capable of being true or false, serving as the basic unit of meaning in logic and philosophy. propositional attitude A mental state expressed by verbs such as believe, desire, hope, and know, followed by a proposition, reflecting an individual's attitude towards the truth of the proposition. propositional connective

  7. Category mistake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_mistake

    Al Martinich claims that the philosopher Thomas Hobbes was the first to discuss a propensity among philosophers mistakenly to combine words taken from different and incompatible categories.

  8. Mereological nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mereological_nihilism

    Mereological nihilism entails the denial of what is called classical mereology, which is succinctly defined by philosopher Achille Varzi: [2]. Mereology (from the Greek μερος, 'part') is the theory of parthood relations: of the relations of part to whole and the relations of part to part within a whole.

  9. False dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_dilemma

    A false dilemma is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are available. [1] [2] [3] In its most simple form, called the fallacy of bifurcation, all but two alternatives are excluded. A fallacy is an argument, i.e. a series of premises together with a conclusion, that is unsound, i.e. not