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Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks.Even when initially set accurately, real clocks will differ after some amount of time due to clock drift, caused by clocks counting time at slightly different rates.
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use. NTP was designed by David L. Mills of the University of Delaware.
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. For example, the conductor of an orchestra keeps the orchestra synchronized or in time. Systems that operate with all parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync—and those that are not are asynchronous.
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. . In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems.
In some cases, multiple measurements are made over a period of time, and exact time synchronization is determined retrospectively. In particular, time synchronization has been accomplished by using pairs of radio telescopes to listen to a pulsar, with the time transfer accomplished by comparing time offsets of the received pulsar signal.
Timing synchronization is achieved by stations periodically exchanging timing information through beacon frames. In (intra) BSS, the AP sends the TSF information in the beacons. In Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS, ad-hoc), each station competes to send the beacon.
Synchronization in communications was a hard problem for Alexander Bain in the development of the teleprinter. [1] Thomas Edison achieved synchronization in his stock ticker with a clunky but effective unison mechanism to resynchronize periodically. [2]
Einstein synchronisation (or Poincaré–Einstein synchronisation) is a convention for synchronising clocks at different places by means of signal exchanges. This synchronisation method was used by telegraphers in the middle 19th century, [citation needed] but was popularized by Henri Poincaré and Albert Einstein, who applied it to light signals and recognized its fundamental role in ...