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SPRTs commonly use reference-grade, high-purity smaller-diameter platinum wire, metal sheaths and ceramic type insulators. Internal lead wires are usually a nickel-based alloy. Standard PRTs are more limited in temperature range (−200 °C to 500 °C) and are approximately accurate to ±0.03 °C over the temperature range.
Werner von Siemens was the first to propose the use of a platinum resistance temperature detector in 1860, although his instrument readings were unstable. [2] Callendar developed an equation for the resistance of metal as a function of temperature, which was accurate to within 1% from 0-600 °C. [2]
Resistance thermometer principle: relation between temperature and electrical resistance of metals (platinum) (electrical resistance), range: 10 to 1,000 kelvins, application in physics and industry; Solid thermometer principle: relation between temperature and length of a solid (coefficient of thermal expansion). Bimetallic strip
They are less suitable for applications where smaller temperature differences need to be measured with high accuracy, for example the range 0–100 °C with 0.1 °C accuracy. For such applications thermistors , silicon bandgap temperature sensors and resistance thermometers are more suitable.
Accuracy and precision - degree of agreement of recorded temperature with actual; Resolution; Response time – the time required to measure 63.2% of the total difference between its initial and final temperature when subjected to a step function change in temperature; other points such as 90% are also used. [2] shock and vibration resistance
Quinhydrone electrodes provide fast response times and high accuracy. However, it can only measure pH in the range of 1 to 9 and the solution must not contain a strong oxidizing or reducing agent. A platinum wire electrode is immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of quinhydrone, in which there is the following equilibrium C 6 H 6 O 2 ⇌ C 6 ...
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