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A transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent, such as an oncovirus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The evolution of transmissible cancer has occurred naturally in other animal species, but human cancer transmission is rare. [ 2 ]
The hypothesis that SV40 might cause cancer in humans was a particularly controversial area of research, fuelled by the historical contamination of some batches of polio vaccine with SV40 in the 1950s and 1960s. [4] "Persuasive evidence now indicates that SV40 is causing infections in humans today and represents an emerging pathogen."
Carcinogenic parasites are parasitic organisms that depend on other organisms (called hosts) for their survival, and cause cancer in such hosts.Three species of flukes are medically-proven carcinogenic parasites, namely the urinary blood fluke (Schistosoma haematobium), the Southeast Asian liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) and the Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis).
In humans with this cancer there is increased ErbB2 production of receptor tyrosine kinase and Syrian hamsters with this cancer also have increased levels of that kinase. [9] As the tumor develops in the hamster, they also have increased gene expression in p53 and c-myc which is similar to human cancer development. [ 10 ]
Humans become infested by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis; [1] other mammals can be infested with different varieties of the mite. They include wild and domesticated dogs and cats (in which it is one cause of mange ), ungulates , wild boars , bovids , wombats , [ 2 ] koalas , and great apes .
Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is an aggressive non-viral clonally transmissible cancer which affects Tasmanian devils, a marsupial native to the Australian island of Tasmania. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The cancer manifests itself as lumps of soft and ulcerating tissue around the mouth, which may invade surrounding organs and metastasise to other parts ...
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Most human cases have been reported in Thailand, although cases have been reported elsewhere. In humans, the four forms of the disease are: subcutaneous, disseminated, ocular, and vascular. [ 15 ] The ocular form of the disease is the only one known to infect otherwise healthy humans, and has been associated with contact lens use while swimming ...