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  2. Reality testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_testing

    Reality testing is the psychotherapeutic function by which the objective or real world and one's relationship to it are reflected on and evaluated by the observer. This process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is a technique commonly used in psychoanalysis and behavior therapy, and was originally devised by Sigmund Freud.

  3. Illusory truth effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect

    Published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology; the study suggested that the effect can influence participants who actually knew the correct answer to begin with, but who were swayed to believe otherwise through the repetition of a falsehood. For example, when participants encountered on multiple occasions the statement "A sari is the name ...

  4. Behavioral confirmation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_confirmation

    The phenomenon of belief creating reality is known by several names in literature: self-fulfilling prophecy, expectancy confirmation, and behavioral confirmation, which was first coined by social psychologist Mark Snyder in 1984. Snyder preferred this term because it emphasizes that it is the target's actual behavior that confirms the perceiver ...

  5. Denialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denialism

    Denialism is an essentially irrational action that withholds the validation of a historical experience or event when a person refuses to accept an empirically verifiable reality. [ 2 ] In the sciences, denialism is the rejection of basic facts and concepts that are undisputed, well-supported parts of the scientific consensus on a subject, in ...

  6. Psychological research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_research

    Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...

  7. Research participant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_participant

    A research participant, also called a human subject or an experiment, trial, or study participant or subject, is a person who voluntarily participates in human subject research after giving informed consent to be the subject of the research. A research participant is different from individuals who are not able to give informed consent, such as ...

  8. Reality principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_principle

    In Freudian psychology and psychoanalysis, the reality principle (German: Realitätsprinzip) [1] is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly, [2] as opposed to acting according to the pleasure principle.

  9. Participant observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participant_observation

    Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography.This type of methodology is employed in many disciplines, particularly anthropology (including cultural anthropology and ethnology), sociology (including sociology of culture and cultural criminology), communication studies, human geography, and social ...