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In mathematics, a duality translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into other concepts, theorems or structures in a one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an involution operation: if the dual of A is B, then the dual of B is A.
Duality (mathematics), a mathematical concept Dual (category theory), a formalization of mathematical duality; Duality (optimization) Duality (order theory), a concept regarding binary relations; Duality (projective geometry), general principle of projective geometry
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization problem (and vice versa).
Duality principle or principle of duality may refer to: Duality (projective geometry) Duality (order theory) Duality principle (Boolean algebra) Duality principle for sets; Duality principle (optimization theory) Lagrange duality; Duality principle in functional analysis, used in large sieve method of analytic number theory; Wave–particle duality
In the late 17th century, Sir Isaac Newton had advocated that light was corpuscular (particulate), but Christiaan Huygens took an opposing wave description. While Newton had favored a particle approach, he was the first to attempt to reconcile both wave and particle theories of light, and the only one in his time to consider both, thereby anticipating modern wave-particle duality.
Duality (disambiguation) Duality (electrical circuits) Duality (mathematics), translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into other concepts, theorems or structures, in a one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an involution operation; List of dualities; Monism; Nondualism
In projective geometry, duality or plane duality is a formalization of the striking symmetry of the roles played by points and lines in the definitions and theorems of projective planes. There are two approaches to the subject of duality, one through language (§ Principle of duality) and the other a more functional approach through special ...
The dual expression thus produced is of the same form, and the reason that the dual is always a valid statement can be traced to the duality of electricity and magnetism. Here is a partial list of electrical dualities: voltage – current; parallel – series (circuits) resistance – conductance; voltage division – current division ...