Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Blocking CD38, which had been implicated in the release of mitochondria by astrocytes, also significantly decreased TNT formation. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] TNFAIP2 , also called M-Sec, is known to mediate TNT formation, and knockdown of this protein by shRNA reduced TNT development in epithelial cells by about two-thirds.
Horizontal transfer of mitochondria is the movement of whole mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA between cells. Mitochondria from donor cells are transported and incorporated into the endogenous mitochondrial network of recipient cells contributing to changes in the bioenergetics profile and in other functional properties of recipient cells. [ 1 ]
Tissue nanotransfection (TNT) is an electroporation-based technique capable of gene and drug cargo delivery or transfection at the nanoscale. Furthermore, TNT is a scaffold-less tissue engineering (TE) technique that can be considered cell-only or tissue inducing depending on cellular or tissue level applications. The transfection method makes ...
Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible.
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy.It often occurs to defective mitochondria following damage or stress. The process of mitophagy was first described in 1915 by Margaret Reed Lewis and Warren Harmon Lewis. [1]
Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RHOT2 gene. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] As a Miro protein isoform , the protein facilitates mitochondrial transport by attaching the mitochondria to the motor/adaptor complex. [ 5 ]
Another damaging result of excess calcium in the cytosol is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a pore in the membranes of mitochondria that opens when the organelles absorb too much calcium. Opening of the pore may cause mitochondria to swell and release reactive oxygen species and other proteins that can lead to ...
When exposed to hypoxia/anoxia (no oxygen), most animals will see damage done to their mitochondria. [89] From some species, these conditions can happen due to environmental variables, such as low tides, [ 90 ] low temperatures, [ 91 ] or general living conditions, like living in a hypoxic underground burrow. [ 92 ]