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  2. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Phosphorus and sulfur are also common essential elements, essential to the structure of nucleic acids and amino acids, respectively. Chlorine, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus have important roles due to their ready ionization and utility in regulating membrane activity and osmotic potential. [2]

  3. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The polar, uncharged amino acids serine (Ser, S), threonine (Thr, T), asparagine (Asn, N) and glutamine (Gln, Q) readily form hydrogen bonds with water and other amino acids. [32] They do not ionize in normal conditions, a prominent exception being the catalytic serine in serine proteases. This is an example of severe perturbation, and is not ...

  4. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    Amino acids contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. (In biochemistry , the term amino acid is used when referring to those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon, plus proline which is not actually an amino acid).

  5. CHNOPS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHNOPS

    Sulfur is contained in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. [3] Phosphorus is contained in phospholipids , a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes , as they can form lipid bilayers , which keep ions , proteins , and other molecules where they are needed for cell function, and prevent them from diffusing into areas ...

  6. Mineral (nutrient) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)

    [1] [2] [3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [4] The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2] The remaining minerals are called "trace elements".

  7. Composition of the human body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body

    About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. All 11 are necessary for life.

  8. Plant nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrition

    Other functions attributed to calcium are: the neutralization of organic acids; inhibition of some potassium-activated ions; and a role in nitrogen absorption. A notable feature of calcium-deficient plants is a defective root system. [14] Roots are usually affected before above-ground parts. [15] Blossom end rot is also a result of inadequate ...

  9. Membrane transport protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein

    In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell. Active transport is the movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient. This is usually to accumulate high concentrations of molecules that a cell needs, such as glucose or amino acids.