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Chloroquine was initially recommended by Indian, Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, [30] although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chloroquine (CQ) then becomes protonated (to CQ 2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic (pH 4.7); chloroquine then cannot leave by diffusion. Chloroquine caps hemozoin molecules to prevent further biocrystallization of heme, thus leading to heme buildup. Chloroquine binds to heme (or FP) to form the FP-chloroquine complex; this ...
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [51] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [52] Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mefloquine, sold under the brand name Lariam among others, is a medication used to prevent or treat malaria. [4] When used for prevention it is typically started before potential exposure and continued for several weeks after potential exposure. [4]
Chloroquine 25 mg/kg over three days with a single dose of SP as described above. SP plus amodiaquine This combination has been shown to produce a faster rate of clinical recovery than SP and chloroquine, but is clearly inferior to artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs) for the treatment of malaria. [5] [page needed]
This MDA comprised 300 mg chloroquine base and 45 mg pyrimethamine weekly for nine weeks. An additional 300 mg chloroquine and 75 mg pyrimethamine plus 1500 mg sulfadoxine was added to this regimen in the first, fifth, and ninth week. Children received an adjusted equivalent of the adult dose. Follow-up consisted of yearly parasite surveillance.
Proguanil, also known as chlorguanide and chloroguanide, is a medication used to treat and prevent malaria. [3] [4] It is often used together with chloroquine or atovaquone.[4] [3] When used with chloroquine the combination will treat mild chloroquine resistant malaria. [3]
Examples include amodiaquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. [3] Other uses for the derivatives are: anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. [1] A patent application for 4-aminoquinoline compounds was filed in 2002 and published in 2005. [4]