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Chloroquine, a synthetic analogue with the same mechanism of action was discovered in 1934, by Hans Andersag and coworkers at the Bayer laboratories, who named it resochin. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] It was ignored for a decade, because it was considered too toxic for human use.
Mechanism of action Hydroxychloroquine increases [ 40 ] lysosomal pH in antigen-presenting cells [ 19 ] by two mechanisms: As a weak base, it is a proton acceptor and via this chemical interaction, its accumulation in lysozymes raises the intralysosomal pH, but this mechanism does not fully account for the effect of hydroxychloroquine on pH.
Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolone compound with a complicated and still unclear mechanism of action. It is believed to reach high concentrations in the vacuoles of the parasite, which, due to its alkaline nature, raises the internal pH .
The most widely accepted hypothesis of its action is based on the well-studied and closely related quinoline drug, chloroquine. This model involves the inhibition of hemozoin biocrystallization in the heme detoxification pathway, which facilitates the aggregation of cytotoxic heme.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [1] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [2] Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The mechanisms of action is not entirely clear but is believed to involve effects on the malaria parasites' DNA. [2] Primaquine was first made in 1946. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [7] [8] It is available as a generic medication. [2]
Examples include amodiaquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. [3] Other uses for the derivatives are: anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. [1] A patent application for 4-aminoquinoline compounds was filed in 2002 and published in 2005. [4]
The mechanism of action of aspirin involves irreversible inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase; [17] therefore suppressing the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, thus reducing pain and inflammation. This mechanism of action is specific to aspirin and is not constant for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Rather ...