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  2. Inversion (meteorology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)

    An inversion is also produced whenever radiation from the surface of the earth exceeds the amount of radiation received from the sun, which commonly occurs at night, or during the winter when the sun is very low in the sky. This effect is virtually confined to land regions as the ocean retains heat far longer.

  3. Atmospheric optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics

    The reddish color of the Sun when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. This is because long-wavelength (red) light is scattered less than blue light. The red light reaches the observer's eye, whereas the blue light is scattered out of the line of sight. Other colours in the sky, such as glowing skies at dusk ...

  4. Diffuse sky radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_sky_radiation

    This phenomenon leaves the Sun's rays, and the clouds they illuminate, abundantly orange-to-red in colors, which one sees when looking at a sunset or sunrise. For the example of the Sun at zenith, in broad daylight, the sky is blue due to Rayleigh scattering, which also involves the diatomic gases N 2 and O 2.

  5. Red sky at morning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sky_at_morning

    It is based on the reddish glow of the morning or evening sky, caused by trapped particles scattering the blue light from the sun in a stable air mass. [5] If the morning skies are of an orange-red glow, it signifies a high-pressure air mass with stable air trapping particles, like dust, which scatters the sun's blue light.

  6. Marine layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_layer

    A marine layer is an air mass that develops over the surface of a large body of water, such as an ocean or large lake, in the presence of a temperature inversion. The inversion itself is usually initiated by the cooling effect caused when cold water on the surface of the ocean interacts with a comparatively warm air mass. [1]

  7. Outgoing longwave radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation

    Clouds have both cooling and warming effects. They have a cooling effect insofar as they reflect sunlight (as measured by cloud albedo), and a warming effect, insofar as they absorb longwave radiation. For low clouds, the reflection of solar radiation is the larger effect; so, these clouds cool the Earth.

  8. Diurnal cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnal_cycle

    Earth's rotation relative to the Sun causes the 24-hour day/night cycle. A diurnal cycle (or diel cycle) is any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the planet Earth around its axis. [1] Earth's rotation causes surface temperature fluctuations throughout the day and night, as well as weather changes throughout ...

  9. Noctilucent cloud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noctilucent_cloud

    Noctilucent clouds (NLCs), or night shining clouds, [1] are tenuous cloud-like phenomena in the upper atmosphere of Earth. When viewed from space, they are called polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) , detectable as a diffuse scattering layer of water ice crystals near the summer polar mesopause .