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A refined grain is defined as having undergone a process that removes the bran, germ and husk of the grain and leaves the endosperm, or starchy interior. [1] Examples of refined grains include white bread, white flour, corn grits and white rice. [2] Refined grains are milled which gives a finer texture and improved shelf life. [3]
"Bleached flour" is "refined" flour with a chemical whitening (bleaching) agent added. "Refined" flour has had the germ and bran, containing much of the nutritional fibre and vitamins, [citation needed] removed and is often referred to as "white flour". Bleached flour is artificially aged using a "bleaching" agent, a "maturing" agent, or both.
Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
To produce refined (white) wheat flour, [4] grain is usually tempered, i.e. moisture added to the grain, before milling, to optimize milling efficiency.This softens the starchy "endosperm" portion of the wheat kernel, which will be separated out in the milling process to produce what is known to consumers as white flour.
The healthiest flour has more vitamins and minerals and fewer calories than refined wheat and white flours. Try oat flour or chickpea flour for health benefits.
Often, refined flour will be the first ingredient (even on “wheat bread”) which is still using refined flour, and therefore, provides fewer of the benefits 100% whole-grains provides—fiber ...
Enriched flour is flour with specific nutrients added to it. These nutrients include iron and B vitamins (folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine). Calcium may also be supplemented. The purpose of enriching flour is to replenish the nutrients in the flour to match the nutritional status of the unrefined product.
The one exception is self-rising flour which is a refined flour but will likely only last three to six months due to the addition of leavening agents like baking powder. Whole Wheat Flour